Multiple cropping and intercropping pdf

This practice is ancient, as numerous records from human societies all over the world indicate. However, the alfalfa must be carefully managed with insecticides, a bugvac suction device, or timely. Multiple cropping is diverse and integrated, andcould be a very good strategy to transform the. Multicropping, intercropping and adaptation to variable. The two most common cropping systems followed by farmers are mixed cropping and intercropping.

Pdf p multiple cropping is an agriculture system long adopted by marginalized small holder farmers especially in hills and mountains. Jan 14, 2017 intercropping is quite common around the world and it is not just farmers but also hobbyists and gardeners who practice intercropping. Multistoried cropping, a new dimension in multiple cropping for coconut plantations. Row cropping involves the component crops arranged in alternate rows. Multiple cropping has been practiced in many parts of the world. In other words, intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. Integrated pest management in multiple cropping systems. Sequential systems are most common where the growing season is long, and intercropping systems are most. Need for intensive cropping cropping systems has to be evolved based on climate, soil and water availability for efficient use of available natural resources.

Multiple cropping is a form of ecological intensification that is potentially highly sustainable when two or more crops are grown at the same time or in a sequence. These agricultural crop planting practices assist in varying the set of soil nutrients, thereby reducing the likelihood of soil erosion. Mixed cropping and intercropping are essentially two. On the other hand, intercropping is a multiple cropping system whereby two or more crop species are planted simultaneously on the same farmland in one planting season. Advantages, types, and disadvantages of multiple cropping. However intercropping increase maize yield by more than 12. This practice was a meant to enhance farm productivity when. Whether you call it relay cropping, polyculture, double crop or multiple cropping. Mixed cropping and intercropping are two methods of diversified farming techniques where more than one types of crops are grown in the same unit area. Multiple cropping systems can regulate pests, in the broadest sense, by preventing their growth, reproduction, or dispersal fig.

Both cropping systems have resulted to increased farm production and profitability per. In phenomenological research comparing disease in monocrops and intercrops, primarily due to foliar fungi, intercropping reduced disease in 73% of more than 200 studies. There are some plants that need a large amount of nitrogen to grow, for example. Cropping system the cropping patterns used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises, and available technology which determine their make up. Mixed or multiple cropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field without a row arrangement. Cropping system himachal pradesh agriculture university, palampur. There are advantages and disadvantages of intercropping. The secondary crops can provide shelter and even protect the primary crops. Single, double and multiple cropping in agriculture youtube.

Letter open access cobenefits of intercropping as a. Penerapan teknologi dalam multiple cropping untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pangan di daerah tropis belum terwujud dan masih memerlukan kajian strategis dalam pencapaiannya, tapi petani di negaranegara maju, praktek multiple cropping dilakukan secara cermat dengan harapan produksi yang diperoleh secara kuantitas dan kualitas dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Row intercropping, mixed intercropping, strip intercropping and relayintercropping are most important types. Intercropping tumpangsari merupakan salah satu jenis multiple cropping yang paling umum dan sering dilakukan oleh petani di indonesia. Andrews and kassm 1976 state that intercropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. Although the cropping system is being simplified due to shortage of rural labor and mechanical planting, multiple cropping is still dominant.

Intercropping, or alley cropping, is the planting of multiple crops in spaced rows during a given year, allowing the cultivation of crops between them batish et. Multitier cropping system for profitability and stability. It can take the form of double cropping, in which a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested, or relay cropping. Various methods can be used, singly or in conjunction, to reconstruct these strategies, a process which lends itself to the exploration of socioeconomic and political themes. Hybrid popular with wheat maize, beans wheat intercropping. Intercropping systems in sustainable agriculture dergipark.

A crop is a plant that is grown on a large scale for profit or survival, e. Crop intensification is in both the time and space dimensions. Multiple cropping systems using cover crop or relay intercropping group b can mitigate nitrate losses by drainage. Significance of lntercropping in cropping systems semantic scholar. Multiple cropping is highly sustainable as it relies on reducing competition and increasing mutual benefits between crops. The cropping system should provide enough food for the family, fodder for cattle and generate sufficient cash income for domestic and cultivation expenses. Single, double and multiple cropping in agriculture. Intercropping and polyculture or relay cropping in the. The principle of trap cropping relies on combining plants in such a way that they occupy. Intercropping can be defined as a multiple cropping system that two or more crops planted in a field during a growing season. Intercropping is as a multiple cropping system, in which two or more crops species planted simultaneously in a field during a growing season. Cropping pattern and cropping system intensive cropping.

Such systems involve growing two or more crops on the same field in a year. Multiple cropping is commonly practiced by the bhutanese farmers in many different forms such as. Dec 19, 2014 multiple cropping systems to reduce the use of pesticides. Growing of two or more crops in the same field in a year, when one major crop is planted on rows first and other minor crop is planted between the rows. When two or more crops are sown and cultivated at the same time in the particular area, then this type of cropping pattern is known as mixed cropping. The two major categories of multiple cropping are succession cropping and intercropping. Intercropping also allows you to grow cash crops or any crop that will actually supplement the primary crop in some way. This agricultural technique normally is used to help maintain nutrient levels in the soil. Multiple regression analysis for studied traits in intercropping of popcorn and cowpea farnaz fazeli fard 1, bahram mirshekari 1, reza amirnia 2 1department of agronomy and plant breeding, college of agriculture, tabriz branch, islamic azad university, tabriz, iran. Starting with the appearance of agriculture, and the gradual elimination of our huntergatherer past, human beings have practiced intercropping francis 1986. Nov 17, 2019 mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, inter cropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field, interdigitating the cropslike interlocking your fingersso that they grow together. Intercropping is an agricultural practice in which two or more crops are grown together in the same field. Sep 09, 2017 intercropping and crop rotation are elective methodologies connected in multiple cropping. Nov 21, 2017 key differences between mixed cropping and intercropping.

Multiple cropping is growing more than one kind of crop in the same area. These agricultural crop planting practices assist in varying the set of soil nutrients, thereby. Multiple cropping an overview sciencedirect topics. Multitier cropping system for profitability and stability in bt cotton production multitier cropping system for profitability and stability in bt cotton production 1. Alley cropping is broadly defined as the planting of two or more sets of single or multiple rows of trees or shrubs at wide spacings, creating alleys within which agricultural, horticultural, or forage crops are cultivated. Introduction the demand for agricultural commodity is growing world over and to meet the ever increasing targets as per the demand, productivity needs to be raised further. Intercropping intercropping is a farming method that involves planting or growing more than one crop at the same time and on the same piece of land. Intercropping and crop rotation are alternative strategies applied in multiple cropping, the growing of two or more crops in the same piece of land. Farmers manage more than onc crop at the same time in the same field. Multiple regression analysis for studied traits in. The trees or shrubs may include valuable hardwood species, such as nut trees, or trees desirable for.

In agriculture, multiple cropping or multicropping is the practice of sequentially growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during one growing season instead of just one crop. Intercropping, polyculture or relay cropping in the vegetable garden intercropping is in. Sequential cropping growing one crop after another in the same year and intercropping are types of multiple cropping and include numerous different systems. Key differences between mixed cropping and intercropping. Since the publication in 1976 of the american society of agronomy monograph multiple cropping, there has been a burgeoning interest in the topic in the scientific literature. In mixed cropping or mixed farming, two independent crops are mixed together and grown in an area, whereas the intercropping is a multiple cropping techniques where two or more crops are grown in proximity. Intercropping is a ways to increase diversity in an agricultural. One benefit of this practice may be disease control. In tarai region of nepal under wheat crop, intercropping. Mixed species cropping, particularly row intercropping and strip intercropping, could be an important tool for pest and disease management in organic farming systems.

If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Department of crop science and production, botswana college of agriculture, private bag, 0027, gaborone, botswana. It can take the form of double cropping, in which a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested, or relay cropping, in which the second crop is started amidst the. Intercropping is a technique for growing at least two harvests together in closeness on a similar land. Traditional multiple cropping systems are estimated to still provide as much as 1520% of the worlds food supply altieri, 1999. Mixed intercropping, as the name implies, is the most basic form in which the component crops are totally mixed in the available space. A typical winter cover crop can, for instance, decrease no 3. Difference between mixed cropping and intercropping. There is intercrop competition during all or part of crop growth. Mar 18, 2020 multiple cropping is very useful for a number of reasons. Significance of intercropping in cropping systems m.

Double cropping is another form of multiple cropping where one crop is started after the growing season for the previous crop has ended. The use of mixed species cropping to manage pests and. Kinds of multiple cropping multiple cropping are mainly two kinds 1. Effects of intercropping on the performance of maize and. Pdf multiple cropping for raising productivity and farm. A major differences between mixed cropping and intercropping.

Best practices alley croppingagroforestry and intercropping. Land equivalent ratio ler, relative yield total ryt and income equivalent ratio ier can be increased with mixedintercropping systems. Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple. Sequential cropping an overview sciencedirect topics. Multiple cropping or mixed sowing techniques were carried out in north pakistan by dost. This paper endeavours to unpack the concept of multicropping by considering diversity and variation in the cropping practices of the. In multiple cropping, it is necessary to study pests over the entire cropping period, because the pests o. Farmers manage more than one crop at a time in the same field. Both relay and double cropping are good for replacing nutrients in the soil that one type of plant might have used heavily. Methods of intensive cropping include multiple cropping and intercropping. The rationale behind intercropping is that the different crops planted are unlikely to share the same insect pests and diseasedcausing pathogens and to conserve the soil.

Both cropping systems have resulted to increased farm production and profitability per unit land area in selected crops. Multiple cropping is very useful for a number of reasons. There is intercrop competi tion during all or part of crop growth. Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice involving growing two or more crops in proximity. Intercropping cropping, relay cropping and mixed cropping are the types of multiple cropping. Multiple cropping is not a new form of agricultural technology, but instead is an ancient means of intensive farming. Systems are often referred to in distinguishi ng one type of multiple cropping from another.

The practice of multiple cropping is as old as agriculture itself and as with any old practice there are in existence today many variants that involve crops. Simultaneously cropping growing of more than one crop on a land during a year by maximum utilization of time and space is called simultaneously cropping simultaneously cropping is of four types. Intercropping means the growing of more than one crop in rows where the minor crops are planted. Multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same.

It does not encompass green manure crops, mixed farming, shifting cultivation, and most forms of intercropping. The addition of multiple species enhances biodiversity and. In hilly area lands are differentiated into number of strip mainly 1520 meters space area maintained. It can provide a more efficient use of resources, such as soil nutrients, that would not otherwise be available to a single crop. Sequential systems are most common where the growing season is long, and intercropping systems are most popular where labor is readily available and inexpensive. Pdf a general overview on intercropping and its advantages. In tropical asia and the pacific, multi storey intercropping is common with tree species that dominate the upper. Traditionally, intercropping has been used to increase crop production and the efficiency of the land, as well as a.

Intercropping is the practice of growing multiple crop species at the same time in the same place and has widely been utilized throughout the history of agriculture. Oct 23, 2018 there are many types of multiple cropping system. Intercropping, crop diversity and pest management 3 alfalfa has been used as a trap crop to draw lygus also known as the western tarnished plant bug, lygus hesperus away from main crop plantings of cotton and strawberries fig. Nov 14, 2017 multiple cropping in agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season. Intercropping is the practice of growing multiple crop species at the same time in the same. Intercropping helps in preventing pest and diseases to spread all through the field and furthermore increases soil fertility. Francis2 abstract we do not know rolzert intercroppinh bgpan nor why early civilizations fostered its use. Pdf multiple cropping for raising productivity and farm income of. Poor yields intercropping can lead to poorer yields.

Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops or genotypes together for a part of or the whole growing season willey, 1990. Intercropping persisted in agrarian societies after being rejected by the western world with the advent of highly mechanized farming. Plant composition and structural organization at field scale during the growing season group a or in the crop succession group b and at landscape. Multiple cropping allows for crop intensification in two dimensions, vertical and horizontal.

Difference between mixed cropping and intercropping rice, wheat, vegetables and other plants grown in a large scale for profit and survival is known as a crop. A field experiment was conducted at botswana college of agriculture garden to investigate the effects intercropping maize and cowpeas on the performance of maize and cowpeas. It means having more than one type of crop growing in the same space at the same time. Such multicrops may take the form of intercrops, where growth and yield are confined. In case of mixed intercropping one crop is harvested early and then second crops are grown. Variations include alley cropping, where crops are grown in between rows of trees, and strip cropping, where multiple rows, or a strip, of.

These plants use up the nitrogen stores in the soil, so another kind of plant that. Pdf multicropping, intercropping and adaptation to variable. Intercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of multiple crop species, has been used throughout history and remains common among farmers of small landholdings in the tropics. There are already different initiatives by the department of agriculture doa on crop intensification and increasing the cropping intensity in the rice based system. Simultaneously cropping growing of more than one crop on a land during a year by maximum utilization of time and space is called simultaneously cropping simultaneously. Advancing intercropping research and practices in industrialized. Cropping pattern the yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of crops and fallow on a given area. Types and advantages of intercropping agriculture and. Zero tillage and heavy mulching should be practised when intercropping coconut plantations on steep slopes. Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing. It is also possible to grow multiple crops simultaneously on the same land, which is.

To mimic crop crop interaction under intercropping that leads to enhanced bnf, we implement into dndc a new nitrogen distribution. The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources or ecological processes that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop. This objective could be achieved by adopting intensive cropping. This paper endeavours to unpack the concept of multicropping by. Vandermeer, 1992 and is one mechanism by which the functional diversity of an agroecosystem can be increased brooker et al. In mixed cropping or mixed farming, two independent crops are mixed together and grown in an area, whereas the intercropping is a multiple cropping techniques where two or more crops are grown in. All such systems come under the general term multiple cropping. Intercropping has important advantages in regard to. The difference between mixed cropping and intercropping are described in the points given below. Biasanya pada system tumpangsari, hasil dari masingmasing jenis tanaman akan berkurang apabila dibandingkan dengan system monokultur, tetapi hasil secara keseluruhan lebih tinggi.

Research needs to be directed to test these alternatives. Intercropping intercropping is the growing of two or more crops in close proximity to promote beneficial interactions between them. The farmers follow some specific pattern or systems to grow crops. Difference between mixed cropping and intercropping with. Of course this does not mean that in the intercropping, plants can be planting at a time together, but is the purpose that two or more. Multiple cropping in bhutanese agriculture present status. Multiple cropping or mixed sowing techniques were carried out in.